Encoding Video for Blu-Ray using H264/AVC - Page 18

jpsdr · 31st August 2013, 08:13

I've personnaly used x264 to encode 25fps 576p video using "--fake-interlaced" and "--pic-struct", and mux with scenarist, result was perfectly fine. Never tried other frame size for now.

SeeMoreDigital · 12th November 2013, 15:28

Hi Neil,

I've just discovered some of your work on my 'Yes - Close to the Edge' Blu-ray disc, that arrived this morning... There you were in the sleeve notes.

Nice one

Shevach · 3rd February 2014, 11:58

Dear experts

According to Blu-Ray spec. (9.5.1.5) buffering period and picture_timing SEI are not mandatory.
If a stream does not contain these SEI messages how a decoder should choose initial_cpb_removal_delay (which is sgnaled in the buffering_period)?

kieranrk · 9th February 2014, 21:40

Quote:

Originally Posted by Shevach

Dear experts

According to Blu-Ray spec. (9.5.1.5) buffering period and picture_timing SEI are not mandatory.
If a stream does not contain these SEI messages how a decoder should choose initial_cpb_removal_delay (which is sgnaled in the buffering_period)?

By using the DTS and PTS along with the PCR which the TS spec defines as being equivalent to the calculations from initial cpb removal delay and friends.

Shevach · 14th February 2014, 17:46

So, the first DTS corresponds to the initial_delay_offset counted from the first PCR.

kieranrk · 15th February 2014, 02:38

Quote:

Originally Posted by Shevach

So, the first DTS corresponds to the initial_delay_offset counted from the first PCR.

Not the first PCR but the PCR that's associated with the packet containing the beginning of the first frame. The PCR can pretty much be construed as the arrival time of the data into the buffer. This is explained in more detail in the T-STD part of the MPEG-TS specification.

Shevach · 21st February 2014, 16:15

Thanks for your detailed reply.
By the way, is there any Blu-Ray stream analyzer?

kieranrk · 23rd February 2014, 16:10

There are a few I believe such as:
http://www.dvdverification.com/public/101.cfm

However, I don't know how low-level they are. I think there is now parity between the BDAV-STD model and the MPEG-TS T-STD model but you'd have to check the related documents. However, most MPEG-TS analysers are designed for CBR whereas Blu-Ray is VBR with a PCR attached to every TS Packet.

Shevach · 10th March 2014, 10:28

Dear BluRay practitioners

i have several questions on BDAV-STD.

1)
What the error MUX_SN_E_TS_UNDERFLOW_ERR means?

ERROR: TSWrapper.dll::CTSWrapper::ProcThreadMain::Video buffer underflows. - @8 seconds ::
[MUX_SN_E_TS_UNDERFLOW_ERR]

My conjecture is underflow of MB1 buffer. Am i right?

2) How data enters to MB1 buffer? In T-STD model the data enters to multiplexor buffer according to transport_rate which is derived from successive PCRs. In BDAV-STD each TS packet is extended by the time-stamp. i conjecture that the TS packet in BDAV-STD enters to TB1 according to these timestamps.

Lyris · 10th March 2014, 22:56

Sounds like you're using either Scenarist or DVD Architect? Which software are you authoring with?

1: do you have a lot of audio tracks? I'll get this error usually when having a large DTS-HD Master Audio track. The solution is to limit the maxrate from 40000 down to something like 38000 which is usually enough.

2: I'll let someone else answer that.

kieranrk · 11th March 2014, 01:29

Quote:

Originally Posted by Shevach

2) How data enters to MB1 buffer? In T-STD model the data enters to multiplexor buffer according to transport_rate which is derived from successive PCRs. In BDAV-STD each TS packet is extended by the time-stamp. i conjecture that the TS packet in BDAV-STD enters to TB1 according to these timestamps.

No, in T-STD and data enters TB1 at the transport rate - I don't have the spec on me but I would guess the BDAV-STD defines the timestamp to be the entry time into TB1. It then leaves TB1 into MB1 at a rate defined in the spec. For Video this is usually a little higher than the max bitrate to account for PES overhead; audio is hardcoded in the specs.

Alex-Kid · 11th March 2015, 15:00

I want to encode my 1080p60 footage that is going to be authored to a AVCHD 2.0 blu-ray disc, as is the only standard that supports this resolution and frame rate. Given that purpose, I did some search and came with these x264 settings:

x264 --bitrate XXXXX --preset veryslow --tune film --bluray-compat --vbv-maxrate 25000 --vbv-bufsize 25000 --level 4.2 --keyint 120 --open-gop --slices 4 --colorprim "bt709" --transfer "bt709" --colormatrix "bt709" --sar 1:1 --pass 1 -o out.264 input.file

x264 --bitrate XXXXX --preset veryslow --tune film --bluray-compat --vbv-maxrate 25000 --vbv-bufsize 25000 --level 4.2 --keyint 120 --open-gop --slices 4 --colorprim "bt709" --transfer "bt709" --colormatrix "bt709" --sar 1:1 --pass 2 -o out.264 input.file

Does these x264 settings conform with AVCHD 2.0 standard on blu-ray media?

A.Fenderson · 11th March 2015, 16:46

I'm not sure all the parameters and constraints on AVCHD Progressive/2.0 are well-known, since it's not intended as a distribution format and more intended for use in camcorders, so keep that in mind. Hopefully someone who has tried this before can share their results.

You need to constrain bitrate to under 28000.

If AVCHD 2.0 closely follows Blu-ray constraints, you will need to reduce keyint to 60 (1 second GOP), but this is a guess.

Also, AVCHD format is intended for SD cards and DVD discs, and as seemingly trivial as it would be to support it on Blu-ray discs, not all players seem to do so; maybe try burning to BD-RE first and see if that will play back in the target device. If you want to target all Blu-ray players, consider converting to 1080i, as you'll retain the high-motion aspect (60 Hz) if properly done, and only lose some (maybe acceptably-small) visual fidelity from the interlacing/deinterlacing.

Alex-Kid · 12th March 2015, 07:19

I've been doing some more searching and I came up with this (from http://www.sony-asia.com/microsite/c.../04/01/01.html):

Quote:

To create a Blu-ray disc from movies recorded in [AVC HD 28M (PS)], you need to use device that is compliant with an AVCHD format Ver. 2.0. The created Blu-ray disc can be played back only on the device that is compliant with the AVCHD format Ver. 2.0.

My Samsung BD-H6500 user manual says that "the product won't play any content burnt on DVD-R media with any bitrate higher than 10 Mbps" and "the product won't play any content burnt on BD-R media or USB device with a bitrate higher than 25 Mbps". There's no information about AVCHD 2.0 but I already burnt a DVD-R which content was flawlessly played by this player. Software updates maybe?

jpsdr · 12th March 2015, 09:35

DVD-R can be understundable because of physical drive limitation (and maybe DVD spec), but BD-R... It's strange... It seems more like a restriction to not allowing to play too much good quality BD-R (preventing for exemple playing even legal copy) than a real physical limit.

Precomposed · 13th June 2015, 02:41

I'm about to setup an x264 encode for a still image menu background on a Blu-ray disc.

What parameters would be used to create a single frame Blu-ray compliant .264 file? Input would be 1920x1080 jpeg or png. I was not able to find information on this in any of the guides.

2themax · 13th June 2015, 03:54

I've done this once before using avisynth as a source.

ImageSource("%d.png", 0, 0, 24)

You're still would be named 0.png and the script is just saying to read from frame 0 to frame 0 giving one frame. The 24 is the fps.

neil wilkes · 15th June 2015, 08:20

Quote:

Originally Posted by Precomposed

I'm about to setup an x264 encode for a still image menu background on a Blu-ray disc.

What parameters would be used to create a single frame Blu-ray compliant .264 file? Input would be 1920x1080 jpeg or png. I was not able to find information on this in any of the guides.

I'm not sure how much help this will be as I use the x264Pro plugin variant of this excellent encoder in Premiere Pro CS2014 and it gets outstanding results.
An important thing to consider with Blu-ray is that even for menus, they are nothing like how we understand them from DVD as in BD everything is a movie, even menus.
How we attack this is to set up a 30 second "film" with the still (please do not use JPEG - use either TIF or BMP and keep those graphics lossless - avoid data reducing forms like JPEG) with your source at 23.976fps at 72DPI if using 10920x1080.
Encode as a regular movie at around 5Mbps CBR using highest quality options, although if you do want to use slideshow tuning this will not hurt but in all honesty I do not think it makes much difference - treat as a movie.

foxyshadis · 15th June 2015, 18:41

Quote:

Originally Posted by neil wilkes

I'm not sure how much help this will be as I use the x264Pro plugin variant of this excellent encoder in Premiere Pro CS2014 and it gets outstanding results.
An important thing to consider with Blu-ray is that even for menus, they are nothing like how we understand them from DVD as in BD everything is a movie, even menus.
How we attack this is to set up a 30 second "film" with the still (please do not use JPEG - use either TIF or BMP and keep those graphics lossless - avoid data reducing forms like JPEG) with your source at 23.976fps at 72DPI if using 10920x1080.
Encode as a regular movie at around 5Mbps CBR using highest quality options, although if you do want to use slideshow tuning this will not hurt but in all honesty I do not think it makes much difference - treat as a movie.

That's exactly how menus work in DVD, they're all MPEG2. You can use a one-frame still just as easily in BD (set the frame duration appropriately), and you can use the 30-second trick in DVD as well. CBR is just a waste of bits.

Precomposed · 15th June 2015, 20:15

I analyzed the m2ts that Adobe Encore creates for a Blu-ray still image background and it is only 1 frame in duration, not 30 seconds. I completely understand that Blu-ray backgrounds need to be videos per the Blu-ray spec, even when they are just still images. This is why I wish to convert my still image (png) background to a single frame video (.264) using x264 or ffmpeg + libx264. I was wondering if there are any special settings I should be using to create a 1 frame .264 file that is Blu-ray compliant or will the normal settings of x264 be compliant for a single frame?

12th November 2013, 15:28	#342 \| Link
SeeMoreDigital Life's clearer in 4K UHD Join Date: Jun 2003 Location: Notts, UK Posts: 12,227	Hi Neil, I've just discovered some of your work on my 'Yes - Close to the Edge' Blu-ray disc, that arrived this morning... There you were in the sleeve notes. Nice one __________________ \| I've been testing hardware media playback devices and software A/V encoders and decoders since 2001 \| My Network Layout & A/V Gear \|

23rd February 2014, 16:10	#348 \| Link
kieranrk Registered User Join Date: Jun 2009 Location: London, United Kingdom Posts: 707	There are a few I believe such as: http://www.dvdverification.com/public/101.cfm However, I don't know how low-level they are. I think there is now parity between the BDAV-STD model and the MPEG-TS T-STD model but you'd have to check the related documents. However, most MPEG-TS analysers are designed for CBR whereas Blu-Ray is VBR with a PCR attached to every TS Packet. __________________ Authoring Professional Blu-rays with x264 - Open Broadcast Encoder

11th March 2015, 15:00	#352 \| Link
Alex-Kid Antronio's DV ambassador Join Date: Mar 2006 Location: Santiago, Chile Posts: 115	What about AVCHD 2.0? I want to encode my 1080p60 footage that is going to be authored to a AVCHD 2.0 blu-ray disc, as is the only standard that supports this resolution and frame rate. Given that purpose, I did some search and came with these x264 settings: x264 --bitrate XXXXX --preset veryslow --tune film --bluray-compat --vbv-maxrate 25000 --vbv-bufsize 25000 --level 4.2 --keyint 120 --open-gop --slices 4 --colorprim "bt709" --transfer "bt709" --colormatrix "bt709" --sar 1:1 --pass 1 -o out.264 input.file x264 --bitrate XXXXX --preset veryslow --tune film --bluray-compat --vbv-maxrate 25000 --vbv-bufsize 25000 --level 4.2 --keyint 120 --open-gop --slices 4 --colorprim "bt709" --transfer "bt709" --colormatrix "bt709" --sar 1:1 --pass 2 -o out.264 input.file Does these x264 settings conform with AVCHD 2.0 standard on blu-ray media? Last edited by Alex-Kid; 11th March 2015 at 18:41. Reason: spelling errors ;)

13th June 2015, 02:41	#356 \| Link
Precomposed Registered User Join Date: Jan 2011 Location: Southern California Posts: 13	x264 Parameters for single frame .264 file I'm about to setup an x264 encode for a still image menu background on a Blu-ray disc. What parameters would be used to create a single frame Blu-ray compliant .264 file? Input would be 1920x1080 jpeg or png. I was not able to find information on this in any of the guides.

31st August 2013, 08:13	#341 \| Link
jpsdr Registered User Join Date: Oct 2002 Location: France Posts: 2,316	I've personnaly used x264 to encode 25fps 576p video using "--fake-interlaced" and "--pic-struct", and mux with scenarist, result was perfectly fine. Never tried other frame size for now.

3rd February 2014, 11:58	#343 \| Link
Shevach Video compressionist Join Date: Jun 2009 Location: Israel Posts: 126	Dear experts According to Blu-Ray spec. (9.5.1.5) buffering period and picture_timing SEI are not mandatory. If a stream does not contain these SEI messages how a decoder should choose initial_cpb_removal_delay (which is sgnaled in the buffering_period)?

14th February 2014, 17:46	#345 \| Link
Shevach Video compressionist Join Date: Jun 2009 Location: Israel Posts: 126	So, the first DTS corresponds to the initial_delay_offset counted from the first PCR.

21st February 2014, 16:15	#347 \| Link
Shevach Video compressionist Join Date: Jun 2009 Location: Israel Posts: 126	Thanks for your detailed reply. By the way, is there any Blu-Ray stream analyzer?

10th March 2014, 10:28	#349 \| Link
Shevach Video compressionist Join Date: Jun 2009 Location: Israel Posts: 126	Dear BluRay practitioners i have several questions on BDAV-STD. 1) What the error MUX_SN_E_TS_UNDERFLOW_ERR means? ERROR: TSWrapper.dll::CTSWrapper::ProcThreadMain::Video buffer underflows. - @8 seconds :: [MUX_SN_E_TS_UNDERFLOW_ERR] My conjecture is underflow of MB1 buffer. Am i right? 2) How data enters to MB1 buffer? In T-STD model the data enters to multiplexor buffer according to transport_rate which is derived from successive PCRs. In BDAV-STD each TS packet is extended by the time-stamp. i conjecture that the TS packet in BDAV-STD enters to TB1 according to these timestamps.

10th March 2014, 22:56	#350 \| Link
Lyris Registered User Join Date: Sep 2007 Location: Europe Posts: 602	Sounds like you're using either Scenarist or DVD Architect? Which software are you authoring with? 1: do you have a lot of audio tracks? I'll get this error usually when having a large DTS-HD Master Audio track. The solution is to limit the maxrate from 40000 down to something like 38000 which is usually enough. 2: I'll let someone else answer that.

11th March 2015, 16:46	#353 \| Link
A.Fenderson Registered User Join Date: Mar 2009 Posts: 230	I'm not sure all the parameters and constraints on AVCHD Progressive/2.0 are well-known, since it's not intended as a distribution format and more intended for use in camcorders, so keep that in mind. Hopefully someone who has tried this before can share their results. You need to constrain bitrate to under 28000. If AVCHD 2.0 closely follows Blu-ray constraints, you will need to reduce keyint to 60 (1 second GOP), but this is a guess. Also, AVCHD format is intended for SD cards and DVD discs, and as seemingly trivial as it would be to support it on Blu-ray discs, not all players seem to do so; maybe try burning to BD-RE first and see if that will play back in the target device. If you want to target all Blu-ray players, consider converting to 1080i, as you'll retain the high-motion aspect (60 Hz) if properly done, and only lose some (maybe acceptably-small) visual fidelity from the interlacing/deinterlacing.

12th March 2015, 09:35	#355 \| Link
jpsdr Registered User Join Date: Oct 2002 Location: France Posts: 2,316	DVD-R can be understundable because of physical drive limitation (and maybe DVD spec), but BD-R... It's strange... It seems more like a restriction to not allowing to play too much good quality BD-R (preventing for exemple playing even legal copy) than a real physical limit.

13th June 2015, 03:54	#357 \| Link
2themax Registered User Join Date: Jan 2007 Posts: 62	I've done this once before using avisynth as a source. ImageSource("%d.png", 0, 0, 24) You're still would be named 0.png and the script is just saying to read from frame 0 to frame 0 giving one frame. The 24 is the fps.

15th June 2015, 20:15	#360 \| Link
Precomposed Registered User Join Date: Jan 2011 Location: Southern California Posts: 13	I analyzed the m2ts that Adobe Encore creates for a Blu-ray still image background and it is only 1 frame in duration, not 30 seconds. I completely understand that Blu-ray backgrounds need to be videos per the Blu-ray spec, even when they are just still images. This is why I wish to convert my still image (png) background to a single frame video (.264) using x264 or ffmpeg + libx264. I was wondering if there are any special settings I should be using to create a 1 frame .264 file that is Blu-ray compliant or will the normal settings of x264 be compliant for a single frame?